Practical No. 01:
1. Install and configure PHP, web server, MYSQL
2. Write a program to print “Hello, World! ”
I Practical
Significance:
ü PHP is popular scripting
language, which is used to develop various web applications.
ü PHP is also object oriented
programming language students will be able to setup PHP environment for
executing PHP program or using different server like WAMP or XAMPP server.
II.
Practical Outcome (PrOs) :
ü Install and configure PHP, web
server, MYSQL
ü Write a program to print “Hello,
World!”
III Minimum
Theoretical Background
INSTALLATION OF PHP
Let’s Start
:
Installing PHP on your computer allows you to safely
develop and test a web application without affecting the live system.
To work with PHP
locally, you need to have the following software AMP (Apache, MySQL, PHP):
ü PHP
ü A web server that supports PHP. We’ll use the Apache webserver.
ü A database server. We’ll use the MySQL database server.
Typically, you won’t
install all this software separately because connecting them is tricky and not
intended for beginners.
There
are many AMP options available in the market that are given below:
·
WAMP for Windows
·
LAMP for Linux
·
MAMP for Mac
·
SAMP for Solaris
·
FAMP for FreeBSD
·
XAMPP (Cross, Apache, MySQL, PHP, Perl) for Cross
Platform: It includes some other components too such as FileZilla, OpenSSL,
Webalizer, Mercury Mail, etc.
Therefore, it’s
easier to find an all-in-one software package that includes PHP, a web server,
and a database server. One of the most popular PHP development environments
is XAMPP.
XAMPP is an easy
install Apache distribution that contains PHP, MariaDB, and Apache webserver.
XAMPP supports Windows, Linux, and macOS.
If you are on Windows and don't want Perl and
other features of XAMPP, you should go for WAMP.
Download
XAMPP
To install XAMPP on windows, you can go to the XAMPP official website and download
the suitable version for your platform. Download this according to your
Operating system .
Install XAMPP on Windows
To install XAMPP on Windows, you can follow these steps:
Step 1. Start the installation
Double-click the downloaded file to start setting up
XAMPP:
Step 2. Select components to install
Select the components that you want to install. In this
step, you can select Apache, MySQL, PHP, and phpMyAdmin, deselect other components
like the following, and click the Next button to go to the next step.
Step 3. Specifying the installation folder
Select a folder to install XAMPP. It’s recommended to
install XAMPP in the c:\xampp folder. Click the Next button to go to the next
step.
Step 4. Selecting a language
Select a language for XAMPP Control Panel. By default,
it’s English. And you can select your preferred language and click the Next
button to go to the next step.
Step 5. Bitnami for XAMPP
Feel free to skip this step because you don’t need
Bitnami for learning PHP. Just click the Next button to go to the next step.
Step 6. Begin
installing XAMPP
And you’re now ready to install XAMPP. Click the Next
button to start the installation. It’ll take a few minutes to complete.
Step 7. Completing the XAMPP setup
Once completed, the XAMPP setup wizard shows the
following screen. You can click the Finish button to launch the XAMPP Control
Panel:
Step 8. Completing
the XAMPP setup
The XAMPP Control Panel lists installed services. To
start a service, you click the corresponding Start button:
The following shows the Apache web server and MySQL are up and running. The
Apache web server listens on the ports 80 and 443 while the MySQL listens on
port 3306:
Step 9. Launch the XAMPP
Open the web browser and navigate to the following URL:
http://localhost/. If the installation is completed successfully, you’ll see
the welcome screen of the XAMPP.
Troubleshooting
By default, Apache
uses port 80. However, if port 80 is used by another service, you’ll get an
error like this:
In this case, you need to change the port from 80 to a free one, e.g., 8080. To
do that, you follow these steps:
First, click the Config button that aligns with the
Apache module:
Second, find the line that has the text Listen 80 and change the port from 80 to 8080 like this:
Third, click the Start button to start the Apache
service. If the port is free, Apache should start properly, as shown in the
following picture:
IV.
How to write the PHP program and How to run the PHP Programs:
How
to write a PHP Program:
Create a file named
hello.php with the following content:
<?php
echo "Hello,
World!\n";
?>
PHP Script Execution
Methods:
PHP scripts can be
executed in two primary ways:
ü Command-line Scripting
ü Server-side Scripting
1. Command-line
Scripting
Definition: Command-line scripting allows you to run PHP
scripts directly from the command line interface (CLI), similar to other
scripting languages like Python and Perl.
This method does not require a web server or
browser.
Usage:
ü Performing administrative tasks such as sending emails,
generating PDF files, and performing file operations.
ü Automating tasks through cron jobs (scheduled tasks on
Unix-based systems) or Task Scheduler (on Windows).
ü Running scripts for maintenance tasks such as database
backups, data migrations, and more.
How to Run:
1.
Open Terminal/Command
Prompt:
ü For Windows: Open Command Prompt or PowerShell.
ü For Mac/Linux: Open Terminal.
2.
Navigate to Script
Directory:
ü
Use the cd command to navigate to the
directory where your PHP script is located.
ü
cd path/to/your/script
3.
Execute the Script:
ü
Use the php command followed by the script’s
filename.
ü
php script.php
Example:
Create a file named hello.php with the
following content:
<?php
echo "Hello, World!\n";
?>
Run this script from the command line:
php hello.php
Output:
Hello, World!
Advantages:
1.
Direct
and straightforward execution.
2.
Useful
for tasks that do not require a web server.
3.
Can be
automated using cron jobs or Task Scheduler.
Security
Considerations:
1.
Ensure
that scripts executed from the command line have the necessary permissions.
2.
Avoid
exposing sensitive information in command-line scripts.
2. Server-side
Scripting
Definition:
Server-side scripting involves running PHP
scripts on a web server to generate dynamic web pages. The PHP code is
processed on the server, and the resulting HTML is sent to the client’s web
browser.
Usage:
1.
Developing dynamic websites and web
applications.
2.
Handling form submissions and processing user
input.
3.
Interacting with databases to fetch, insert,
update, or delete data.
4.
Managing sessions and user authentication.
5.
Generating dynamic content such as user
profiles, product listings, and more.
How to Run:
Set Up a Web Server:
1.
Install a web server such as Apache, Nginx,
or IIS.
2.
Ensure PHP is installed and configured to
work with your web server.
3.
Place Script in Document Root:
4.
Save your PHP file in the web server’s
document root directory.
Common
directories:
XAMPP: htdocs
WAMP: www
MAMP: htdocs
LAMP: /var/www/html
5.
Access Script via Browser:
Open a web browser
and navigate to the script’s URL
Example:
http://localhost/your-script.php
Example:
Create a file named index.php with the
following content:
index.php
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My
Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo
"<h1>Welcome to my website!</h1>";
?>
</body>
</html>
Place this file in the document root
directory and access it via http://localhost/index.php.
Advantages:
1.
Seamless integration with HTML to create
dynamic web pages.
2.
Access to web server features and
functionalities.
3.
Ability to handle user inputs and interact
with databases.
4.
Supports session management and user
authentication.
Security Considerations:
1.
Sanitize and validate all user inputs to
prevent security vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting
(XSS).
2.
Use secure session management practices to
protect user data.
3.
Configure appropriate file permissions and
server settings to protect sensitive files and directories.
Conclusion
By understanding
these two methods of running PHP scripts, you can leverage PHP’s versatility
for both web-based applications and command-line tasks. Command-line scripting
is useful for automation and administrative tasks, while server-side scripting
is essential for developing dynamic and interactive web applications.
V. Lab
Assignment:
RUN THE PHP FIRST PHP PROGRAM
1. Write a program to print “Hello , World! ”
Program.
Code in PHP:
<?php
echo “Hello , World! ”;
?>
Output:
Hello , World!