Assignments On Class 14: Sessions and Cookies

Assignments On Class 14

Sessions and Cookies

Here are some assignments related to sessions and cookies in PHP, along with their solutions and explanations.

Assignment 1: User Login Tracking with Sessions

Objective: Create a simple PHP application that allows users to log in, and tracks their login status using sessions.

Task:

Create an HTML form to collect username and password.
Upon submission, store the username in a session variable.
Display a welcome message with the username on a new page.

Solution:

login.php (Login Form)

php

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<?php

session_start();

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Login</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Login Form</h2>

Username: <input type="text" name="username" required><br>

Password: <input type="password" name="password" required><br>

</form>

</body>

</html>

welcome.php (Processing and Displaying Session)

php

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<?php

session_start();

// Simulate password checking (in real applications, use hashed passwords)

if ($_POST['password'] === 'password123') {

$_SESSION['username'] = $_POST['username']; // Store username in session

echo 'Welcome, ' . $_SESSION['username'] . '!';

echo '<br><a href="logout.php">Logout</a>'; // Link to logout

} else {

echo 'Invalid password. Please try again.';

}

logout.php (Logout)

php

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<?php

session_start();

session_unset(); // Unset all session variables

session_destroy(); // Destroy the session

header('Location: login.php'); // Redirect to login page

Explanation:

The login.php file contains a simple HTML form where users can input their username and password.
When the form is submitted, it sends data to welcome.php.
In welcome.php, if the password is correct, the username is stored in a session variable, and a welcome message is displayed.
The user can log out by clicking on the "Logout" link, which directs them to logout.php, clearing the session data.

Assignment 2: Remember User Preferences with Cookies

Objective: Create a PHP application that remembers user preferences (like theme selection) using cookies.

Task:

Create an HTML form to allow users to select a theme (light/dark).
Store the selected theme in a cookie.
On page reload, apply the selected theme and display a message showing the user's choice.

Solution:

index.php (Theme Selection Form)

php

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<?php

if (isset($_COOKIE['theme'])) {

$theme = $_COOKIE['theme']; // Retrieve theme from cookie

} else {

$theme = 'light'; // Default theme

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Theme Selector</title>

<style>

body {

background-color: <?= ($theme == 'dark') ? '#333' : '#fff' ?>;

color: <?= ($theme == 'dark') ? '#fff' : '#000' ?>;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Select Your Theme</h2>

<option value="light" <?= ($theme == 'light') ? 'selected' : '' ?>>Light</option>

</select>

</form>

<p>Your current theme is: <strong><?= $theme ?></strong></p>

</body>

</html>

set_theme.php (Set Cookie)

php

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<?php

if (isset($_POST['theme'])) {

$theme = $_POST['theme'];

setcookie('theme', $theme, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // Cookie expires in 30 days

header('Location: index.php'); // Redirect to index page

}

Explanation:

index.php displays a form with a dropdown for theme selection.
If a theme cookie exists, it retrieves the theme value and applies it to the page. The selected theme is used to style the page dynamically.
set_theme.php sets the selected theme in a cookie that expires in 30 days. After setting the cookie, it redirects back to index.php to display the selected theme.

Assignment 3: Display User Information with Sessions

Objective: Create a PHP application that allows users to enter their name and email, storing this information in a session.

Task:

Create an HTML form to collect the user's name and email.
Store the data in session variables.
Display the user's name and email on a new page.

Solution:

user_info.php (User Info Form)

php

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<?php

session_start();

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>User Information</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>User Information Form</h2>

Name: <input type="text" name="name" required><br>

Email: <input type="email" name="email" required><br>

</form>

</body>

</html>

display_info.php (Display Session Data)

php

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<?php

session_start();

$_SESSION['name'] = $_POST['name']; // Store name in session

$_SESSION['email'] = $_POST['email']; // Store email in session

echo 'Name: ' . $_SESSION['name'] . '<br>';

echo 'Email: ' . $_SESSION['email'] . '<br>';

echo '<a href="logout.php">Logout</a>'; // Link to logout

Explanation:

user_info.php allows users to enter their name and email.
When the form is submitted, display_info.php stores the entered data in session variables and displays the information. A logout link is provided to end the session.

These assignments will help students practice managing sessions and cookies in PHP effectively while enhancing their understanding of user tracking and preferences.

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Here are additional assignments with solutions and explanations focused on sessions and cookies in PHP.

Assignment 4: Session-Based Shopping Cart

Objective: Create a simple shopping cart using sessions to track selected products.

Task:

Create an HTML page with a list of products (e.g., Product Name and Price).
Allow users to add products to the cart (stored in session).
Display the cart contents on a separate page.

Solution:

products.php (Product List)

php

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<?php

session_start();

$products = [

['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Product 1', 'price' => 10],

['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Product 2', 'price' => 20],

['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Product 3', 'price' => 30],

];

if (!isset($_SESSION['cart'])) {

$_SESSION['cart'] = [];

}

// Add product to cart

if (isset($_POST['add_to_cart'])) {

$product_id = $_POST['product_id'];

$_SESSION['cart'][] = $products[$product_id - 1]; // Add product to session cart

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Product List</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Available Products</h2>

<ul>

<?php foreach ($products as $product): ?>

<li>

<?= $product['name'] ?> - $<?= $product['price'] ?>

</form>

</li>

<?php endforeach; ?>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

cart.php (View Cart)

php

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<?php

session_start();

if (empty($_SESSION['cart'])) {

echo 'Your cart is empty.';

} else {

echo '<h2>Your Cart</h2>';

foreach ($_SESSION['cart'] as $item) {

echo $item['name'] . ' - $' . $item['price'] . '<br>';

}

echo '<a href="products.php">Continue Shopping</a>';

}

Explanation:

products.php lists available products with an "Add to Cart" button.
When a product is added, its details are stored in the session cart.
cart.php displays the contents of the cart by iterating through the session variable. If the cart is empty, it shows a relevant message.

Assignment 5: Remember Me Functionality with Cookies

Objective: Implement a "Remember Me" functionality for user login using cookies.

Task:

Create a login form that allows users to check a "Remember Me" option.
If checked, store the username in a cookie for 30 days.
On returning to the page, automatically fill in the username if the cookie exists.

Solution:

login.php (Login Form with Remember Me)

php

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<?php

session_start();

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Login</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Login Form</h2>

Username: <input type="text" name="username" value="<?php echo isset($_COOKIE['username']) ? $_COOKIE['username'] : ''; ?>" required><br>

Password: <input type="password" name="password" required><br>

<input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" /> Remember Me<br>

</form>

</body>

</html>

process_login.php (Login Processing)

php

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<?php

session_start();

$username = $_POST['username'];

$password = $_POST['password']; // Simulated password check

if ($password === 'password123') {

$_SESSION['username'] = $username; // Store in session

// Set cookie if "Remember Me" is checked

if (isset($_POST['remember_me'])) {

setcookie('username', $username, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // 30 days

} else {

setcookie('username', '', time() - 3600, "/"); // Delete cookie

}

echo 'Welcome, ' . $_SESSION['username'] . '!';

} else {

echo 'Invalid username or password.';

}

Explanation:

login.php retrieves the username from the cookie (if it exists) and pre-fills the input field.
process_login.php checks the password and, if valid, stores the username in the session. If "Remember Me" is checked, it also sets a cookie for the username.

Assignment 6: Cookie-Based Language Preference

Objective: Allow users to select their language preference, storing the choice in a cookie.

Task:

Create a form to select a language (e.g., English, Spanish).
Store the selected language in a cookie.
Display a welcome message in the selected language.

Solution:

language.php (Language Selection)

php

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<?php

if (isset($_COOKIE['language'])) {

$language = $_COOKIE['language']; // Retrieve language from cookie

} else {

$language = 'English'; // Default language

}

// Messages

$messages = [

'English' => 'Welcome!',

'Spanish' => '¡Bienvenido!'

];

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Select Language</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Select Your Language</h2>

<option value="English" <?= ($language == 'English') ? 'selected' : '' ?>>English</option>

<option value="Spanish" <?= ($language == 'Spanish') ? 'selected' : '' ?>>Spanish</option>

</select>

</form>

</body>

</html>

set_language.php (Set Language Cookie)

php

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<?php

if (isset($_POST['language'])) {

$language = $_POST['language'];

setcookie('language', $language, time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // Cookie expires in 30 days

header('Location: language.php'); // Redirect to language page

}

Explanation:

language.php displays a dropdown to select a language, defaulting to English if no cookie exists.
When a language is selected, set_language.php stores the choice in a cookie, which is then used to display a welcome message in the chosen language.

Assignment 7: Session Timeout Management

Objective: Implement a session timeout feature to enhance security.

Task:

Create a PHP script that tracks user activity.
End the session if there’s no activity for a specified duration (e.g., 5 minutes).

Solution:

session_timeout.php (Main Page)

php

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<?php

session_start();

// Set session timeout duration (5 minutes)

$timeout_duration = 300; // 5 minutes

// Check if the user is already logged in and if session has expired

if (isset($_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY']) && (time() - $_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY']) > $timeout_duration) {

session_unset(); // Unset session variables

session_destroy(); // Destroy session

echo "Session timed out. Please <a href='login.php'>log in again</a>.";

exit;

}

// Update last activity time

$_SESSION['LAST_ACTIVITY'] = time();

// Simulated login check

if (!isset($_SESSION['username'])) {

echo "You are not logged in. Please <a href='login.php'>log in</a>.";

exit;

}

echo "Welcome, " . $_SESSION['username'] . ". You are active!";

Explanation:

In session_timeout.php, the script checks the last activity time stored in the session.
If the difference between the current time and the last activity exceeds the specified timeout duration (5 minutes), the session is destroyed.
If the session is still active, it updates the last activity time and displays a welcome message.

Assignment 8: Storing Shopping Cart in Cookies

Objective: Store the shopping cart in cookies instead of sessions.

Task:

Allow users to add items to a cart.
Store the cart items in a cookie.
Display the cart contents from the cookie.

Solution:

products_cookie.php (Product List with Cookie Cart)

php

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<?php

if (isset($_COOKIE['cart'])) {

$cart = json_decode($_COOKIE['cart'], true); // Decode cart cookie

} else {

$cart = []; // Initialize empty cart

}

$products = [

['id' => 1, 'name' => 'Product 1', 'price' => 10],

['id' => 2, 'name' => 'Product 2', 'price' => 20],

['id' => 3, 'name' => 'Product 3', 'price' => 30],

];

// Add product to cookie cart

if (isset($_POST['add_to_cart'])) {

$product_id = $_POST['product_id'];

$cart[] = $products[$product_id - 1]; // Add product to cart

setcookie('cart', json_encode($cart), time() + (86400 * 30), "/"); // Store cart in cookie

}

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<title>Product List</title>

</head>

<body>

<h2>Available Products</h2>

<ul>

<?php foreach ($products as $product): ?>

<li>

<?= $product['name'] ?> - $<?= $product['price'] ?>

</form>

</li>

<?php endforeach; ?>

</ul>

<ul>

<?php foreach ($cart as $item): ?>

<?php endforeach; ?>

</ul>

</body>

</html>

Explanation:

products_cookie.php allows users to add products to a shopping cart that is stored in a cookie.
The cart is encoded in JSON format to handle multiple items and stored in the cookie.
Each time a product is added, the cookie is updated, and the current cart contents are displayed.

Assignments On Class 14: Sessions and Cookies

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Assignments On Class 14: Sessions and Cookies

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