MCQs On Class 40
Real-World Project - Part 2 (Concept)
1-10: General PHP Project Completion
1. Which of the following is the first step when completing a real-world PHP project?
o A) Debugging the code
o B) Writing test cases
o C) Reviewing project features
o D) Setting up the project environment
Answer: D) Setting up the project environment
2. What does CRUD stand for in PHP?
o A) Create, Read, Update, Delete
o B) Control, Read, Update, Debug
o C) Create, Repeat, Undo, Delete
o D) Class, Run, Upload, Delete
Answer: A) Create, Read, Update, Delete
3. Which method is commonly used to handle forms in PHP?
o A) POST
o B) GET
o C) PUT
o D) PATCH
Answer: A) POST
4. Which of the following is NOT a PHP feature when developing a real-world project?
o A) Handling form submissions
o B) Connecting to a database
o C) Writing HTML pages manually
o D) Implementing security features
Answer: C) Writing HTML pages manually
5. Which function is used to hash passwords securely in PHP?
o A) hash()
o B) password_hash()
o C) encrypt_password()
o D) secure_password()
Answer: B) password_hash()
6. What does password_verify() do in PHP?
o A) Verifies the login email
o B) Verifies that the user entered the correct password
o C) Verifies the length of the password
o D) Verifies whether the password matches the stored hashed password
Answer: D) Verifies whether the password matches the stored hashed password
7. Which method should you use to prevent SQL injection in PHP?
o A) Use mysqli_query()
o B) Use prepared statements with bound parameters
o C) Use mysql_query() directly
o D) Use $_GET to retrieve input
Answer: B) Use prepared statements with bound parameters
8. Which of the following is a recommended way to store sensitive information like passwords in a database?
o A) Plain text
o B) Base64 encoded
o C) Hashed and salted
o D) Encrypted with the AES algorithm
Answer: C) Hashed and salted
9. In PHP, how do you handle user input to prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks?
o A) Use htmlspecialchars()
o B) Use sanitize() function
o C) Remove all special characters
o D) Ignore user input
Answer: A) Use htmlspecialchars()
10. Which of the following is the most effective method for ensuring secure session management?
- A) Store sensitive data in cookies
- B) Use session_regenerate_id() after login
- C) Use session_destroy() at the start of the session
- D) Set session cookies with a 10-year expiry date
Answer: B) Use session_regenerate_id() after login
11-20: Project Features and Functionality
11. What is the purpose of implementing a login feature in a PHP-based project?
- A) To track user sessions
- B) To validate email addresses
- C) To allow multiple users to access the site simultaneously
- D) To manage user credentials and authentication
Answer: D) To manage user credentials and authentication
12. When adding an admin feature to a PHP project, what is the primary concern?
- A) Admin should have full access to all functionalities
- B) Admin should be able to view the website’s content
- C) Admin should only have access to CRUD operations on users
- D) Admin should not have login privileges
Answer: A) Admin should have full access to all functionalities
13. Which SQL statement is used to retrieve data from a database in PHP?
- A) SELECT
- B) INSERT
- C) UPDATE
- D) DELETE
Answer: A) SELECT
14. Which PHP function is used to escape special characters in a string to prevent SQL injection?
- A) mysqli_real_escape_string()
- B) sql_escape()
- C) prepare()
- D) escape_string()
Answer: A) mysqli_real_escape_string()
15. What is the purpose of a session in PHP?
- A) To store permanent data on the client-side
- B) To store temporary data that can be accessed across multiple pages
- C) To generate random numbers for testing
- D) To log user activity
Answer: B) To store temporary data that can be accessed across multiple pages
16. In PHP, which of the following is used to redirect a user to a different page?
- A) header()
- B) redirect()
- C) go_to()
- D) jump()
Answer: A) header()
17. Which PHP function would you use to check if a user is logged in before granting access to a page?
- A) session_status()
- B) isset()
- C) session_start()
- D) isset($_SESSION['user_id'])
Answer: D) isset($_SESSION['user_id'])
18. What does a "CRUD" system typically refer to in PHP?
- A) File handling
- B) Database operations
- C) Form validation
- D) Session management
Answer: B) Database operations
19. Which method would you use to prevent users from submitting empty fields in a PHP form?
- A) JavaScript validation
- B) isset() function
- C) HTML required attribute
- D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
20. Which of the following PHP functions is used to validate an email address?
- A) validate_email()
- B) email_check()
- C) filter_var()
- D) check_email()
Answer: C) filter_var()
21-30: Security and Optimization
21. What is the purpose of sanitizing user input in PHP?
- A) To make sure the input is converted to a string
- B) To remove unwanted characters that could lead to security vulnerabilities
- C) To format the input for storage
- D) To prevent the server from processing input
Answer: B) To remove unwanted characters that could lead to security vulnerabilities
22. How can you improve the performance of a PHP query that retrieves multiple records from a database?
- A) Use LIMIT to reduce the number of records
- B) Use SELECT * instead of specifying columns
- C) Avoid using indexes
- D) Avoid using prepared statements
Answer: A) Use LIMIT to reduce the number of records
23. Which PHP function is used to close a database connection?
- A) db_close()
- B) mysqli_close()
- C) close_db()
- D) mysqli_end()
Answer: B) mysqli_close()
24. When should you use session_start() in PHP?
- A) Before any HTML output
- B) After the login page
- C) After creating a session variable
- D) In the footer section
Answer: A) Before any HTML output
25. Which of the following methods will help protect against XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) in PHP?
- A) Encrypt all form inputs
- B) Escape special HTML characters using htmlspecialchars()
- C) Use mysqli_real_escape_string()
- D) Avoid using forms
Answer: B) Escape special HTML characters using htmlspecialchars()
26. Which of the following should be used to store sensitive information, such as passwords, in a database?
- A) Base64 encoding
- B) Hashing with salt
- C) Plain text
- D) Encryption
Answer: B) Hashing with salt
27. Which function should be used to validate user-provided input in PHP forms?
- A) check_input()
- B) is_valid()
- C) filter_var()
- D) sanitize_input()
Answer: C) filter_var()
28. What is the role of mysqli_fetch_assoc() in PHP?
- A) To retrieve data from a session
- B) To fetch a row of results as an associative array
- C) To execute SQL queries
- D) To close the database connection
Answer: B) To fetch a row of results as an associative array
29. Which HTTP status code represents a successful form submission in PHP?
- A) 400
- B) 404
- C) 200
- D) 500
Answer: C) 200
30. What would you use PHP’s filter_var() function for in a form?
- A) To sanitize user input
- B) To validate user input
- C) To filter HTML content
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
31-40: Error Handling and Debugging
31. What is the purpose of error_reporting() in PHP?
- A) To suppress all errors
- B) To control which types of errors are displayed
- C) To log errors to a file
- D) To debug SQL queries
Answer: B) To control which types of errors are displayed
32. Which of the following would you use to display error messages for debugging in PHP?
- A) error_reporting(E_ALL);
- B) echo error_report();
- C) log_errors_on();
- D) show_errors();
Answer: A) error_reporting(E_ALL);
33. In PHP, how can you display all PHP errors for debugging purposes?
- A) Use error_reporting(E_ALL);
- B) Use ini_set('display_errors', 1);
- C) Both A and B
- D) Use debug_errors(true);
Answer: C) Both A and B
34. What is a common debugging tool used in PHP?
- A) Xdebug
- B) Firebug
- C) Console.log
- D) Browser Developer Tools
Answer: A) Xdebug
35. Which of the following functions can be used to log errors in PHP?
- A) error_log()
- B) log_error()
- C) debug_log()
- D) record_error()
Answer: A) error_log()
36. What does PHP’s ini_set() function do?
- A) It controls the PHP error settings
- B) It initializes a session
- C) It sets the database configuration
- D) It creates a new PHP configuration file
Answer: A) It controls the PHP error settings
37. How do you handle errors in PHP without showing them to the user?
- A) Use error_reporting(0)
- B) Use try/catch block
- C) Set display_errors to Off
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
38. What is the result of setting display_errors to Off in PHP?
- A) Errors will be hidden from the user
- B) Errors will be logged to a file
- C) Only warnings will be displayed
- D) All errors will stop
Answer: A) Errors will be hidden from the user
39. Which PHP function is used to generate a unique identifier for a session?
- A) session_unique()
- B) session_id()
- C) session_regenerate_id()
- D) generate_session()
Answer: C) session_regenerate_id()
40. Which of the following is recommended for production environments regarding error reporting?
- A) Turn off error display but log errors
- B) Display all errors
- C) Turn off error logging
- D) Display warnings only
Answer: A) Turn off error display but log errors
41-50: Final Project Considerations
41. Which of the following best defines a “final project review” in a real-world PHP application?
- A) A code cleanup to ensure readability
- B) A check for all essential features
- C) A performance and security audit
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
42. What is one of the final steps in completing a PHP project before deployment?
- A) Committing code to version control
- B) Ensuring all comments are removed
- C) Writing an application documentation
- D) Testing all edge cases
Answer: C) Writing an application documentation
43. What should be done before deploying a PHP application to production?
- A) Run the application in a staging environment
- B) Change all passwords
- C) Remove all test cases
- D) Disable security features
Answer: A) Run the application in a staging environment
44. What is the purpose of a staging environment in PHP development?
- A) To deploy the live version of the application
- B) To test the project with real users
- C) To simulate a production environment for final testing
- D) To host the development version of the project
Answer: C) To simulate a production environment for final testing
45. Which of the following is important to verify before the production release of a PHP application?
- A) Ensure it is free of errors and warnings
- B) Confirm all functionality works as expected
- C) Perform load and stress testing
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
46. What is the best way to handle database migrations when deploying PHP applications?
- A) Manually update the database
- B) Use a version control system for database changes
- C) Ignore database changes
- D) Use temporary tables
Answer: B) Use a version control system for database changes
47. What should be done to secure a PHP application before deployment?
- A) Install SSL certificates
- B) Ensure proper user role management
- C) Sanitize and validate user input
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
48. Which tool is commonly used to deploy PHP applications in real-world projects?
- A) GitHub
- B) FTP clients
- C) Jenkins
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
49. What is the purpose of version control in PHP development?
- A) To track changes and manage code collaboration
- B) To manage database migrations
- C) To automatically deploy the application
- D) To automate testing
Answer: A) To track changes and manage code collaboration
50. Which of the following is a useful tool for handling PHP errors in production?
- A) Firebug
- B) Xdebug
- C) PHP error logs
- D) GitHub
Answer: C) PHP error logs
51-60: Maintenance and Updates
51. What should be done regularly after deploying a PHP project to production?
- A) Monitor performance and security
- B) Update the PHP version
- C) Check for security patches
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
52. How often should you perform updates on a live PHP application?
- A) Only when there is a major bug
- B) When a new PHP version is released
- C) On a scheduled basis for security and performance
- D) Never after the initial deployment
Answer: C) On a scheduled basis for security and performance
53. Which of the following is an example of ongoing maintenance for a PHP project?
- A) Updating PHP packages
- B) Responding to user feedback
- C) Adding new features
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
54. How should security vulnerabilities be addressed in a PHP application after deployment?
- A) Apply patches promptly
- B) Ignore the vulnerabilities
- C) Wait for a major release
- D) Redesign the entire application
Answer: A) Apply patches promptly
55. What is the role of a “bug tracking system” in a PHP project?
- A) To track errors and security issues
- B) To manage project tasks
- C) To track feature requests
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
56. What is essential for the long-term success of a PHP application?
- A) Regularly updating the codebase
- B) Ensuring that it is optimized for search engines
- C) Adding unnecessary features
- D) Ensuring it is only used internally
Answer: A) Regularly updating the codebase
57. How can a PHP project be improved for better scalability?
- A) Optimize database queries
- B) Use a Content Delivery Network (CDN)
- C) Use caching mechanisms
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
58. What is the benefit of using automated testing in PHP development?
- A) Ensures code is tested continuously
- B) Reduces the need for manual testing
- C) Helps identify issues early in development
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
59. What is the importance of documentation in a PHP project?
- A) Helps developers understand the code structure
- B) Assists in troubleshooting issues
- C) Ensures that new developers can join the project smoothly
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
60. Which of the following is important when working on a team PHP project?
- A) Properly commenting the code
- B) Regularly pushing changes to a version control system
- C) Following coding standards
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
61-70: Deployment and Hosting
61. What is the first step to take when preparing to deploy a PHP project to a server?
- A) Install PHP on the server
- B) Write documentation for the project
- C) Ensure the codebase is properly versioned
- D) Test the application on localhost
Answer: C) Ensure the codebase is properly versioned
62. Which hosting service is commonly used for deploying PHP applications?
- A) WordPress Hosting
- B) Bluehost
- C) Netlify
- D) DigitalOcean
Answer: B) Bluehost
63. Which of the following PHP configuration files is important for setting environment variables in production?
- A) php.ini
- B) .env file
- C) index.php
- D) config.php
Answer: B) .env file
64. What is the purpose of using a composer.json file in a PHP project?
- A) To store database credentials
- B) To list project dependencies
- C) To configure session settings
- D) To log application errors
Answer: B) To list project dependencies
65. When should you switch from a staging to a production environment in PHP development?
- A) When the application is fully tested and error-free
- B) After code optimization
- C) After setting up version control
- D) When all database connections are configured
Answer: A) When the application is fully tested and error-free
66. Which server-side language is commonly used with PHP in a LAMP stack?
- A) Python
- B) Ruby
- C) Apache
- D) Node.js
Answer: C) Apache
67. What is the importance of SSL/TLS in a PHP application deployment?
- A) It ensures secure data transmission
- B) It improves the website’s loading speed
- C) It reduces the server load
- D) It simplifies database configurations
Answer: A) It ensures secure data transmission
68. Which of the following is necessary for deploying PHP on a server with HTTPS?
- A) SSL certificate
- B) Apache server configuration
- C) PHP version 7 or higher
- D) MySQL database
Answer: A) SSL certificate
69. Which of the following is a recommended practice when deploying a PHP application?
- A) Leave the development configuration on the production server
- B) Disable display of errors in production
- C) Keep passwords in the source code
- D) Ignore database backups
Answer: B) Disable display of errors in production
70. What is the use of htaccess file in a PHP project deployment?
- A) To store environment variables
- B) To configure server redirects and rewrites
- C) To manage user authentication
- D) To list PHP dependencies
Answer: B) To configure server redirects and rewrites
71-80: Security Best Practices
71. Which of the following PHP functions should be used to prevent SQL Injection?
- A) mysqli_query()
- B) mysqli_real_escape_string()
- C) sql_fetch()
- D) mysql_fetch_assoc()
Answer: B) mysqli_real_escape_string()
72. What is the purpose of using prepared statements in PHP when interacting with a database?
- A) To increase query performance
- B) To prevent SQL injection
- C) To store data in sessions
- D) To enhance server security
Answer: B) To prevent SQL injection
73. What is a common method to store passwords securely in a PHP application?
- A) Plaintext
- B) MD5 hashing
- C) bcrypt hashing
- D) Base64 encoding
Answer: C) bcrypt hashing
74. Which function in PHP should be used to check if a file is uploaded securely?
- A) is_uploaded_file()
- B) move_uploaded_file()
- C) file_exists()
- D) fopen()
Answer: A) is_uploaded_file()
75. What is the purpose of the session_start() function in PHP?
- A) To start a session on the server for user authentication
- B) To send headers to the client
- C) To open a connection to the database
- D) To validate user input
Answer: A) To start a session on the server for user authentication
76. Which of the following is an effective way to prevent Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks in PHP?
- A) Using the htmlspecialchars() function
- B) Using password_hash()
- C) Sanitizing input data with filter_var()
- D) Disabling cookies
Answer: A) Using the htmlspecialchars() function
77. What does the csrf_token() function in Laravel or similar frameworks prevent?
- A) SQL Injection
- B) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks
- C) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
- D) Session Hijacking
Answer: B) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks
78. Which of the following is the best practice to protect sensitive data in PHP?
- A) Store it in plaintext
- B) Encrypt it using a secure algorithm
- C) Save it in a cookie
- D) Store it in a log file
Answer: B) Encrypt it using a secure algorithm
79. What is the benefit of using a Web Application Firewall (WAF) with PHP applications?
- A) To block malicious requests and enhance security
- B) To optimize PHP execution time
- C) To manage database migrations
- D) To improve SEO
Answer: A) To block malicious requests and enhance security
80. What is the most secure way to store session data in PHP?
- A) Store it in cookies
- B) Store it in files with appropriate file permissions
- C) Store it in a public directory
- D) Store it in a plaintext database
Answer: B) Store it in files with appropriate file permissions
81-90: Performance Optimization
81. Which of the following techniques can improve the performance of a PHP application?
- A) Using caching mechanisms like Memcached
- B) Writing inefficient SQL queries
- C) Avoiding the use of any framework
- D) Ignoring error handling
Answer: A) Using caching mechanisms like Memcached
82. What does PHP’s opcache do for performance?
- A) It compresses the PHP files
- B) It caches compiled PHP bytecode in memory
- C) It monitors for code changes
- D) It speeds up database connections
Answer: B) It caches compiled PHP bytecode in memory
83. Which PHP function should be used to measure the execution time of a script?
- A) microtime()
- B) execution_time()
- C) gettimeofday()
- D) memory_usage()
Answer: A) microtime()
84. What is the best way to optimize database queries in PHP?
- A) Use complex joins for every query
- B) Minimize the number of queries by using batch processing
- C) Use SELECT * in all queries
- D) Avoid indexing the database
Answer: B) Minimize the number of queries by using batch processing
85. What is the primary purpose of using a Content Delivery Network (CDN) with a PHP application?
- A) To store PHP code
- B) To distribute static content like images and scripts across multiple servers
- C) To run PHP scripts in multiple regions
- D) To speed up database queries
Answer: B) To distribute static content like images and scripts across multiple servers
86. Which PHP function is used to open a persistent database connection?
- A) mysqli_connect()
- B) mysqli_pconnect()
- C) pdo_connect()
- D) persistent_db_connect()
Answer: B) mysqli_pconnect()
87. What is one method to reduce the memory footprint of a PHP application?
- A) Use multiple include statements
- B) Optimize the use of global variables
- C) Use unset() to destroy variables when they are no longer needed
- D) Always store variables in session
Answer: C) Use unset() to destroy variables when they are no longer needed
88. Which PHP function is used to execute an SQL query with a prepared statement?
- A) mysql_query()
- B) mysqli_execute()
- C) mysqli_query()
- D) mysqli_prepare()
Answer: B) mysqli_execute()
89. Which PHP configuration setting can help reduce execution time for scripts?
- A) max_execution_time
- B) memory_limit
- C) display_errors
- D) log_errors
Answer: A) max_execution_time
90. How can you handle large file uploads efficiently in PHP?
- A) Increase the upload_max_filesize and post_max_size in php.ini
- B) Allow unlimited file sizes in the configuration
- C) Use JavaScript for file uploads only
- D) Disable file uploads entirely
Answer: A) Increase the upload_max_filesize and post_max_size in php.ini
91-100: Debugging, Testing, and Documentation
91. What is the purpose of using var_dump() in PHP?
- A) To test the functionality of a database
- B) To print detailed information about a variable, including its data type and value
- C) To execute a database query
- D) To format the output of an HTML page
Answer: B) To print detailed information about a variable, including its data type and value
92. Which of the following is the best tool for debugging PHP code?
- A) echo statements
- B) Xdebug
- C) var_dump()
- D) print_r()
Answer: B) Xdebug
93. Which of the following PHP functions is used to handle errors gracefully in an application?
- A) try-catch block
- B) trigger_error()
- C) error_log()
- D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
94. What does PHPUnit allow you to do in PHP?
- A) Write unit tests for your code
- B) Monitor performance of PHP scripts
- C) Handle errors in your code
- D) Secure PHP applications
Answer: A) Write unit tests for your code
95. Which of the following is NOT a valid PHP testing tool?
- A) PHPUnit
- B) Behat
- C) Selenium
- D) PhpStorm
Answer: D) PhpStorm
96. What is the purpose of writing comments in PHP code?
- A) To improve the performance of the code
- B) To make the code easier to understand for other developers
- C) To make the code run faster
- D) To hide errors in the code
Answer: B) To make the code easier to understand for other developers
97. Which PHP function can be used to prevent direct access to a PHP file by users?
- A) exit()
- B) die()
- C) header()
- D) include()
Answer: C) header()
98. What is the purpose of a README.md file in a PHP project?
- A) To store database credentials
- B) To describe the project, its purpose, installation instructions, and usage
- C) To execute PHP scripts
- D) To list all dependencies
Answer: B) To describe the project, its purpose, installation instructions, and usage
99. How should sensitive information such as API keys or database credentials be handled in a PHP project?
- A) Store them in the codebase
- B) Store them in environment files and never expose them in version control
- C) Keep them in the session
- D) Hardcode them into the HTML output
Answer: B) Store them in environment files and never expose them in version control
100. Which of the following is a recommended practice for PHP project documentation?
- A) Writing minimal comments in the code
- B) Providing clear instructions on setting up the project and troubleshooting
- C) Using long-form explanations that are hard to understand
- D) Avoid writing documentation
Answer: B) Providing clear instructions on setting up the project and troubleshooting